How to combat Covid in crowded informal settlements where people share bathrooms and toilets? In 100 informal settlements in Cape Town and other cities, IBP South Africa is working it out on the ground. This guest post is from IBP’s Albert van Zyl
More than 5 million South Africans live in informal settlements—sprawling, crowded communities that frequently lack even the most basic of public services, such as safe, clean toilets and water. In informal settlements communal toilets are often neglected and not regularly cleaned.
That matters to IBP South Africa because our mission is to improve service delivery to poor communities via oversight of government budgeting and spending.
To do that, we have long focused much of our work on mobilizing settlement residents. But in mid-March, that all came to a sudden halt when we heard that someone in our small office block, where we share bathrooms and kitchen facilities, tested positive for COVID-19. We closed our office and organized to work remotely: a flurry of finding dongles and nervous trips to and from the now-infected office ensued.
The next day, President Ramaphosa prohibited public meetings of over 100 people, suspended international travel, closed the borders to most foreign visitors and urged the now-routine steps of washing hands and social distancing. Lockdown soon followed as infections multiplied.
The president’s announcement was welcome. But the IBP South Africa team and our informal settlement partners felt that the conditions in which these residents live—very close quarters, with shared water and toilets—was not being sufficiently addressed. We started working with a team of health professionals to identify hygiene practices that would help informal-settlement residents avoid contracting the novel coronavirus while using communal facilities. We produced and posted/distributed a poster and pamphlet in both English and eight local languages.
The response was overwhelming, with national, provincial and city government agencies endorsing and reprinting it—often asking to add their logos. We initially translated the pamphlet into four languages, but on demand, we translated it into six more, including Portuguese and Chichewa (spoken in Malawi).
The next few days were a blur, but while working on the pamphlet, IBP South Africa and its partners—SASDI Alliance, Planact and Afesis-corplan—began working on an initiative called Asivikelane, “Let us protect each other” in Zulu. Its goal: to mobilize settlement residents to monitor failures in delivery of critical hygiene services and report the problems.
To date, partner organizations have enlisted the help of 253 residents from 100 informal settlements in the six largest cities. If the internet and cellphone networks hold up (this is all done remotely), we estimate that in the weeks to come we will be able to ramp up the initiative to include many more settlements.
Each week, participants ask the same residents three questions:
- Is there clean water available in your settlement?
- Were the toilets cleaned in the last seven days?
- Was waste collected in your settlement in the last seven days?
IBP South Africa consolidates the answers and disseminates a weekly press release to bring problem areas to the attention of the relevant city agency. When cities are unable to respond, we will engage with the national body charged with coordinating the COVID-19 response.
The first week of monitoring found that metros (city authorities) were not cleaning communal toilets or collecting refuse regularly, and clean water was in short supply, particularly in certain areas. However, the good news included new water taps and tanks in some settlements, more regular cleaning of communal toilets and protective gear for janitors. The responses from government were again very positive with the national minister of human settlements requesting a briefing and two of the city governments undertaking to fix all of the problems that were identified and asking that we bring them these problems on a weekly basis.
Meanwhile, IBP South Africa is researching how reporting lines and budget processes/procedures have changed during the state of disaster declared by the president. We are still in the early stages, but in many cases, we are finding, for example, that elected local councils have ceded all power to the mayor thus changing the advocacy landscape significantly. One of our partner organizations, the Dullah Omar Institute at the University of the Western Cape, is building its expertise on the legal changes in governance and budget regulations of this situation. We will also open a conversation with the national treasury and auditor general.
The future is very uncertain and there is so much about our working environment that is utterly unpredictable. For how long will this go on? Will government restrictions become stricter as the crisis worsens? How many of the informal settlement residents in our network will get sick?
Despite these unknowns, we think our work will emerge stronger from the crisis.Because of the more regular interaction between informal settlement residents and our partner organizations (weekly phone calls), we think their positive footprint in informal settlements will deepen. Partners are also using the outreach process to engage more informal settlement residents.
As a result, the relationship between IBP South Africa, its partners and various layers of the government will strengthen, because we are all working on the same initiative at the same time and interacting more intensively and regularly than before. In fact, after the launch of Asivikelane, three city governments reached out to find ways of collaborating. Stay tuned!
Follow the campaign at Twitter @ibp_sa or Facebook: internationalbudgetpartnershipsouthafrica or https://www.internationalbudget.org/covid-monitoring
21 May update: Here’s a video of the developing work:
This is an edited version of a post that first appeared on the IBP blog on 7th April